This paper analyzes the intricate relationship between scientific journals and technological innovation in depth, drawing upon insights from both the history of science and technology and the current landscape of global comprehensive scientific journals. It delves into how scientific journals have evolved in tandem with major technological revolutions, playing a pivotal role in facilitating scientific communication and catalyzing innovation. By examining the historical trajectory of scientific journals, this study analyzes their advent and evolution as integral components of the scientific ecosystem during periods of significant technological upheaval. The analysis encompasses a systematic survey and detailed examination of nine prominent domestic and international comprehensive scientific journals, including Science, PNAS, Nature, Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China Engineering Science, etc. These journals were selected based on their substantial influence, historical significance, and representation of diverse comprehensive scientific journals. The Ruttan model, a robust analytical framework, alongside other advanced methods are used to conduct a comparative analysis of the core positioning elements of these scientific journals. These elements include the target audience, coverage areas, and content columns, which collectively define the identity and impact of each journal. The findings indicate that the success of comprehensive scientific journals depends on several key factors. Foremost among them is the accurate positioning of the target audiences. This strategic approach, targeting specific groups including researchers, policymakers, and science-interested public, is essential for tailoring content to meet their differentiated needs. Through accurate identification and service of these distinct audiences, journals can enhance their relevance and utility. Focusing on the core areas of the journal ensures that it preserves a clear academic direction and depth in its coverage, thereby establishing a strong foundation for academic discourse. Furthermore, optimizing content settings through well-structured columns and sections further enhances the readability and usability of the journal, thus improving its accessibility and reader engagement. Additionally, appropriate allocation of resources, including financial support, editorial talent, and technological infrastructure, emerges as a crucial factor for sustaining high-quality publications. Sufficient resources enable journals to attract top-tier submissions, facilitate rigorous peer-review processes, and uphold high editorial standards. Furthermore, embracing digital transformation through advanced technologies and platforms can significantly enhance the dissemination efficiency and overall impact of scientific journals. In an era dominated by digital communication, leveraging technology is essential for expanding audience reach and fostering global scientific collaboration. The findings provide valuable reference for improving the editorial quality of domestic comprehensive scientific journals as well as subject-specific scientific journals. By learning from the successful experiences of their international counterparts, domestic journals can better adapt to the rapidly evolving scientific landscape and contribute more effectively to the scientific and technological advancement. This study also emphasizes the potential for domestic journals to leverage their unique strengths, such as regional scientific focus and cultural contexts, to establish a distinctive niche within the global scientific community. This study ultimately presents the strategic development of comprehensive scientific journals, empowering them to become influential platforms for scientific communication and innovation in the digital era.