High spectral efficiency distributed antenna systems (DAS) require vertical Bell-Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) like spatial multiplexing schemes. However, unlike normal point-to-point multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels, DAS channels have different large-scale fadings from different transmit antennas, thus making equal power and rate transmission that is feasible in MIMO channels unrealistic in DAS channels. This paper proposes a novel transmit antenna selection scheme with power ...

For software implementations, word-level normal basis multiplication algorithms utilize the full data-path of the processor, and hence are more efficient than the bit-level multiplication algorithm presented in the IEEE standard P1363-2000. In this paper, two word-level normal basis multiplication algorithms are proposed for GF(2n). The first algorithm is suitable for high complexity normal bases, while the second algorithm is fast for type-I optimal normal bases and low complexity normal bases....

This paper presents analytical expressions for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel capacity in frequency-flat Rayleigh fading environments. An exact analytical expression is given for the ergodic capacity for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) channels. The analysis shows that the SIMO channel capacity can be approximated by a Gaussian random variable and that the MIMO channel capacity can be approximated as the sum of multiple SIMO capacities. The SIMO channel results are used to...

Although ultra-wideband transmission rates are very high in the physical layer, the bandwidth utilization efficiency is very low in the medium access control (MAC) layer. The bandwidth utilization efficiency can be improved and the quality of service for delay-sensitive variable bit rate traffic such as high rate motion picture experts group (MPEG)-4 traffic can be guaranteed by a simple and efficient algorithm that dynamically sets the burst size of the delayed-acknowledgement (Dly-ACK) based o...

This paper presents a framework for networked control system simulation (NCSS) to enable the analysis of the influence of network transmissions on the performance of control systems. The simulation is composed of the network environment simulated using the network simulator, the control system component simulation using Matlab or C/C++, and an external application programming interface. To implement the plant (sensor), controller, and actuator nodes, an agent-based design is introduced, and a mu...

A synchronous grammar based on the formalism of context-free grammar was developed by generalizing the first component of production that models the source text. Unlike other synchronous grammars, the grammar allows multiple target productions to be associated to a single production rule which can be used to guide a parser to infer different possible translational equivalences for a recognized input string according to the feature constraints of symbols in the pattern. An extended generalized LR...

Topology design of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is an important problem for large scale applications. This paper describes a new efficient pruning method, the multi-weight optimal brain surgeon (MW-OBS) method, to optimize neural network topologies. The advantages and disadvantages of the OBS and unit-OBS were analyzed to develop the method. Actually, optimized topologies are difficult to get within reasonable times for complex problems. Motivating by the mechanism of natural neurons, the M...

A mathematical model is presented for transient flow in a rapidly filling pipeline with an entrapped air pocket. The influence of transient shear stress between the pipe wall and the flowing fluid is taken into account. A coordinate transformation technique is employed to generate adaptive moving meshes for the multiphase flow system as images of the time-independent computational meshes in auxiliary domains. The method of characteristics is used to reduce the coupled nonlinear hyperbolic partia...

A mathematical model is presented for the charging-up process in an air-entrapped pipeline with moving boundary conditions. A coordinate transformation technique is employed to reduce fluid motion in time-dependent domains to ones in time-independent domains. The nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations governing the unsteady motion of fluid combined with an equation for transient shear stress between the pipe wall and the flowing fluid are solved by the method of lines. Results show ...

The movement of waves propagating over a horizontally submerged perforated plate with water-filled chambers bellow the plate was investigated by using linear potential theory. The analytical solution was compared with laboratory experiments on wave blocking. The analysis of the wave energy dissipation on the perforated bottom surface shows that the effects of the perforated plate on the wave motion depend mainly on the plate porosity, the wave height, and the wave period. The wave number is a co...

A general review of the socio-economic impact of the intelligent transport system (ITS) is presented with a case study to demonstrate the data envelopment analysis method. Cost-benefit analyses are still the dominant method for evaluating ITS and other transport engineering projects, while cost effective analyses and multi-criteria appraisals are widely used to define and prioritize objectives by providing useful information for the most promising policy decisions. Both cost-benefit analyses and...

The conventional traffic demand forecasting methods based on revealed preference (RP) data are not able to predict the modal split. Passengers' stated intentions are indispensable for modal split forecasting and evaluation of new traffic modes. This paper analyzed the biases and errors included in stated preference data, put forward the new stochastic utility functions, and proposed an unbiased disaggregate model and its approximate model based on the combination of RP and stated preference (SP)...

A rough set method is presented in this paper to assess the credit of contractors. Unlike traditional methods, the rough set method deduces credit-classifying rules from actual data to predict new cases. The method uses a contractors' database with a genetic algorithm and an exhaustive reduction implemented using ROSETTA software that integrates rough set method. The classification accuracy of the rough set model is not as good as that of a decision tree, logistic regression, and neural network ...

As baccatin III is an immediate diterpenoid precursor of taxol, the increase of baccatin III is beneficial to the biosynthesis of taxol. Addition of methyl jasmonic acid (MJ) enhances the activity of 10- deaceyle baccatin (DAB) III acetyl transferase which catalyzes the bioconversion from 10-DAB III to beccatin III. In this paper, the baccatin III content was increased by 174% by the addition of 100 μmol/L MJ in suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidate. Induction by MJ also increased the expressio...

The pentlandite exsolution from monosulfide solid solution (mss)/pyrrhotite exsolution is a complex multi-step process, including nucleation, new phase growth and atomic diffusion, and lamellae coarsening. Some of these steps occur in sequence, others simultaneously. These make its kinetic analysis difficult, as the mechanisms cannot be elucidated in detail. In mineral reactions of this type, the true functional form of the reaction model is almost never known, and the Arrhenius parameters deter...

This paper investigates the treatment of chromium (Cr) contaminated industrial sludge from a tanning process with ultrasound to enhance the sludge settling ability and dewatering ability. Ultrasound at various frequencies, intensities, and time was tested to optimize the operation. The results show that treatment with 30 kHz, 12 W/L ultrasound for 120 s shortened the sludge settling time from 3 h to 1 h and reduced the supernatant Cr concentration. The ultrasonic treatment also reduced the sludg...