This paper examines the "Interim Measures for the Assessment of the Social Benefits of Book Publishing Enterprises" as its primary subject. In light of the new situations, challenges, and changes faced by book publishing enterprises since the implementation of these measures, it conducts an in-depth analysis of the epistemological and methodological value of the "problem-oriented approach" and "systematic thinking" embedded within them, as well as their practical significance for contemporary book publishing. This study proposes three implementation pathways: constructing an endogenous evaluation system, deepening institutional reforms, and strengthening collaborative synergies. The aim is to facilitate a shift in the realization of social benefits by book publishing enterprises—from passive compliance with assessment towards active construction—so as to sustainably empower the comprehensive implementation of the principle of prioritizing social benefits while achieving the unity of dual benefits in the new era, thereby advancing the formation of a new pattern of high-quality development paradigm. Adhering to the "problem-oriented approach" and "systematic thinking" reflects a core methodological and conceptual principle emphasized in the report of the 20th CPC National Congress. It dispels methodological confusion and provides a compass for addressing complex challenges in the new era. The "Interim Measures for the Assessment of the Social Benefits of Book Publishing Enterprises," serving as a foundational and regulatory document in this domain, consistently integrates the epistemology and methodology of both the "problem-oriented approach" and "systematic thinking" throughout its framework. It establishes a comprehensive evaluation system and detailed criteria for assessing the social benefits of book publishing enterprises, thereby laying a solid foundation for comprehensively advancing social benefits evaluation within the publishing industry. Conducting an in-depth analysis of the "problem-oriented approach" and "systematic thinking" embedded in the Measures, and deeply understanding and grasping its drafting logic and policy orientation of the Measures holds significant guiding importance for book publishing enterprises. It supports deeper institutional reforms, improves mechanisms related to social benefits, and ultimately achieving a qualitative leap in social benefit performance. Unlike most prior studies on the social benefits of book publishing enterprises—which predominantly offer summative analyses or case studies, this paper focuses specifically on the textual analysis of the "Interim Measures for the Assessment of Social Benefits of Book Publishing Enterprises" itself. Its innovations are threefold: First, it adopts "problem-oriented approach" and "systematic thinking" from the Six Musts highlighted in the 20th CPC National Congress report as its epistemological and methodological framework, enabling a high-level, in-depth interpretation of the Measures. Second, it addresses the new contexts, situations, and changes that have emerged over the seven years since the Measures were implemented. Guided by the document itself, it directly confronts and analyzes the underlying issues currently facing publishing enterprises regarding social benefits and reform-driven development. Third, it proposes three strategic pathways to further enhance social benefits, aiming to facilitate a qualitative improvement in the social benefits of book publishing enterprises and contribute to building a new pattern of high-quality development.